Type II Diabetes Essay Example For Students

Type II Diabetes Essay Type II Diabetes Essay: New Drugs and new Perspectives Pathophysiology: Type 2 DM differs from type one in several distinct ways: It is ten tomes more common and has a great genetic component, occurs most commonly in adults, increasing with prevalence in age (20-25% occurring over the age of 65) and more commonly occurring with Native Americans, Mexican Americans, and African Americans, and is associated with increased resistance to the effects of insulin secretion by the pan crease, unlike its counterpart (DM1) where b cell destruction is usually the leading cause to absolute insulin deficiency. DMII is often, 80% of the cases, associated with obesity, an additional factor that increases insulin resistance. Because these patients always have a residual amount of insulin secretion the patient is usually a symptomatic and are diagnosed long after the onset of the disease by the elevation of fasting glucose during a routine screening. Because of the classification of DMII the mainstay of therapy remains diet and exercise, but as is well known lifestyle cha nges are extremely difficult in such patients leading to the development of pharmacological interventions. The only pharmacologic treatments were oral sulfonylureas or insulin by injection, both of which act to heighten the patients already elevated but insufficient insulin levels. We will write a custom essay on Type II Diabetes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Today, physicians can choose from among a variety of medications targeting numerous facets of the disease ; the drugs augment pancreatic insulin secretion, improve peripheral glucose disposal (as occurs in muscle and adipose tissue), decrease glucose release from the liver, or limit absorption of carbohydrate and fat from the gut .

Artificial Knowledge in the Truman Show Essay Essays

Artificial Knowledge in the Truman Show Essay Essays Artificial Knowledge in the Truman Show Essay Essay Artificial Knowledge in the Truman Show Essay Essay In the film â€Å"The Truman Show. † one epistemic job that is being tackled is the job of how adult male is able to go cognizant of things that he one time had no thought approximately. Do we acquire to cognize things or do we get cognition because of our mere experiences of things or does it affect something more than that? In order to hold a better appreciation of the inquiry at manus. John Locke’s intervention of human cognition and experience can supply us with a model to get down with. John Locke’s construct of thetabula rasaTells us that in the beginning we do non basically have any thoughts and cognition. It is through experience that we are able to get thoughts and. hence. cognition of the universe we live in. As Locke will state us. the head is ab initio presumed to be like that of a white paper. nothingness of all features and without any thoughts. Possibly one manner to construe Locke’s premise is that it is through our interaction with the universe and with others that we begin to derive cognition piece by piece from the clip that we gain consciousness from childhood. The film â€Å"The Truman Show† is one which portrays the life of a adult male who appears to hold been populating in an unreal universe all along- a telecasting show. That is. everything around him is set-up. which includes the decease of his male parent up to the clip when he becomes an grownup. All of his day-to-day experience has been predetermined and that every other person in that unreal society knows that Truman Burbank. the chief character in the film. is populating in an unreal universe. Throughout the class of his life. Truman acquires knowledge through his day-to-day interactions with those around him. Apparently. these many things which surround him are basically imitations or shut to being an exact transcript of the things in the existent universe. Since Truman’s universe is a universe of artificiality. one may reason that the cognition that he is able to get is cognition which is unreal or an imitation of the existent cognition in the existent universe. In general. it can be pointed out that the cognition of Truman is unreal and. hence. non existent exactly because the universe where he lives and the universe which he acquires his cognition from is non the existent universe but one which has been specifically constructed for the intent of a telecasting show. With respect to the instance of Truman. Locke will most probably state us that even though Truman’s universe is unnaturally constructed. Truman is however able to get cognition which he makes usage in his day-to-day covering with other people around him. But more to being able to get cognition. it can be said that the cognition that Truman is able to get is unreal. Populating in an unreal universe set-up for the primary intent of making a telecasting show which is supposed to run throughout one’s life-time. it is inevitable that what one knows are things which are entirely based on what one has experienced in that unreal universe. Indeed. it will be unlogical to state that Truman’s cognition is that of the existent universe merely because Truman hasn’t had any contact with the existent universe outside of his unreal society which might hold given him existent and true cognition. As Truman becomes more and more acquainted with the unreal universe he lives in. it is most likely the instance that his consciousness will reflect what he has been able to see in his universe. Furthermore. Locke’s presupposition of the head as ab initio devoid of any substance or of any thoughts and that our heads would finally hold to get thoughts through experience and interaction with the universe explains the instance of Truman turning up in an unreal universe. Since Truman was born and grew up in the conjectural universe of Seahaven. Locke would presuppose that the cognition of Truman as he grows would be purely confined or limited to the cognition that is available in that universe. Hence. it would instead be rather impossible for Truman to get at any other cognition other than the unreal 1s in his unreal universe. The ‘blank’ head of Truman from his birth has been seemingly filled and etched with unreal cognition along his life-time in that conjectural kingdom. One interesting point. nevertheless. is the thought that even though for the people outside Seahaven. they may handle Truman’s cognition as unreal piece. on the other manus. the Truman may handle his cognition as existent cognition because he is incognizant of the external universe that watches his every move. The footing for stating that Truman’s cognition is unreal or is non existent is that there is an external universe which knows for a fact that Truman is populating in an unreal society filled with people holding unreal societal connexions and relationships. For the portion of Truman. he may really good hold no such thought and that all he may be cognizant of is that the manner in which he understands his environing environment is every bit existent as it can be. John Locke may really good reason that. so. the lone manner for Truman to get cognition. whether unreal or existent. is through his experiences. If Truman gets to see unreal things around him. so it must be the instance that he gets to hold unreal cognition utilizing the external universe as the footing for the world of cognition. Locke’s thought that the head is able to get thoughts through experience has with it a certain signifier of disadvantage. That is. if one is acute to sing unreal things in an unreal universe. the greatest danger is that one will be holding unreal cognition. Therefore. to populate in an unreal universe and to see the things in it is to obtain unreal cognition. In the existent universe. the same besides holds true and that experience is important to the formation of human cognition. Mention Schwoerer. L. G. ( 1990 ) . Locke. Lockean Ideas. and the Glorious Revolution.Journal of the History of Ideas. 51( 4 ) . 531-548.

The article should be timely and address an economic issue of current Research Paper

The article should be timely and address an economic issue of current interest to Wall Street Journal readers - Research Paper Example There ought to be a clear comprehension to retain profitability as the economy is recuperating from global depression. Due to the inconsistencies and stalled activities caused in its operations, Boeing may certainly lose its credibility in the international market if it jets out of the industry. Gaining ground in terms of positioning and retargeting will be a daunting task to sort out or achieve. For example, the directive from the Federal Aviation Administration in the US to ground operations of the Company’s series due to the accident after an emergency landing in Japan would have an economical impact not only to the Company but also the entire US economy that derives part of its breath from the Company’s operations (Jane). These events will cause a wound into the country’s economy and may suffer dangerous blows in its economic standing thus should get a swift address to prevent more damage to the already improving status. More and more customers would lack value and morale they had in the Company that was once reliable and effective to rely on. The crippled loyalty will ultimately direct potential passengers to the competitors hence leading to huge losses of revenue. This is seen as the resultant effects due to the fact that the economy of US generates most of its revenue from the aerospace as well as the automobile industry hence hurting the economy to this magnitude would trickle down in effect to affect even more industries that may be dependent on Boeing (Jeri). Arguably, the global confidence could be seriously hit by the bad series of happenings of the company including, and not limited to, fuel leakages, faults in computers and frequent fires. These, if not checked, would plunge the enti re airline into misery for which revitalizing would require abundance of resources to restore life and guarantee the economic

Issues in global business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Issues in global business - Essay Example In addition, if the firm has specialized products or services, which cannot be found or found in minor varieties in a foreign market, then also firms will adopt internationalization and become an MNC. Instead of competing in a saturated local environment, if the firm becomes MNC, it will have access to new markets and new customers. In foreign countries, people will always view foreign products with big expectations, particularly if it is a well known brand. If the MNCs are able to provide superior quality product than the local companies, it can attract many customers and earn good profits. However, the disadvantage is, in most cases, the MNCs have to launch a new and localized marketing campaign, to build a brand from scratch. As the local companies would have been operating for a long time, they will be in the minds of the people, but MNCs has to carry out campaigns and this could take time. There are a number of entry paths available to the MNCs to enter foreign countries. However, the common paths are Direct Investment, Joint Ventures, Franchising, Mergers, etc. Although, Direct Investment will be the favourable mode of entry for the foreign firms, if there are any government regulations against it, then they will go for joint ventures and franchising. Franchising has become one of the common entry paths because franchises have local knowledge and expertise that can be leveraged to a competitive advantage. (Neelankavil and Rai

Intorduction to Communication-Emotinal Responses-repost Assignment - 1

Intorduction to Communication-Emotinal Responses-repost - Assignment Example This may affect communication in one way or the other. Further people undergoing vial emotion of stress/depression are more susceptible to affect communication(Flaherty, Mike, and Larry Erickson,p.10). In this case, it can be observed that Paul Sir (the father) and Paul Junior (son) had been involved in constant fight and quarreling. They tend to disagree in almost everything that they do inside and outside their Motorcycle shop. Due to frequent argument and disagreements between the father, Paul senior, and the Son, Paul Junior, they business relationships broke-up. From the series American, chopper it can be observed how the American Junior was influenced by the emotional of anger which intern motivated high to become innovative/creative., Through the emotional of anger Paul Junior become motivated in designing motorcycles that have more features as compared to the one’s manufactured by his father, Paul Senior. Therefore, when working in the situation where I hear Paul senior and junior fighting, I could feel so remorseful because I could not Imagine hearing father and son fighting as arguing. It seems unbiblical and culturally unacceptable (Flaherty, Mike, and Larry

Rational Criticism Of All Knowledge Claims Philosophy Essay

Rational Criticism Of All Knowledge Claims Philosophy Essay Whether a knowledge claim should be open to rational criticism relies on the area of knowledge being considered. In areas of knowledge, such as natural sciences, if a claim is not justified rationally then it can not be regarded as truth. Therefore these knowledge claims should be open to rational criticism. In other areas of knowledge such as aesthetics, a knowledge claim does not depend on reason or logic, so for it to be open to rational criticism may be unsuitable. In this essay, I will explore the effect rational criticism has on areas of knowledge and to see whether this should be the basis for knowledge claims to be accepted as truth. Rational criticism plays a huge role in the advancement of scientific knowledge. This is because the scientific method of accumulating knowledge is by producing a theory for which to use reason and induction can not disprove. However if it is disproved by rational criticism or experimental data then the theory must be adapted or rejected. Therefore, any knowledge claims should not contradict any established facts. An example of this would be Democritus who was one of the first to propose the theory of the indivisible atom1 using rational ideas. However at the time, this statement did not have any observational implications and so could not be proved using empirical evidence. His theory that the atom is indivisible should be open to rational criticism if it is to be used to explain rational events in the world. However due to advances in technology, empirical evidence found by Rutherford in 1911 showed that the atom was made of protons, neutrons and electrons2. Therefore to confirm th e validity of scientific knowledge claims, the claim itself must survive rational criticism and fit the empirical evidence. However, most of the time, scientific knowledge claims rely on assumptions and so the validity of Rutherfords claim relies on assumptions that his method and instruments were reliable. So for scientific knowledge claims to be accepted as truth not only must they be open for rational criticism but any evidence or justification should be valid. Rational criticism relies on the way of knowing of reason to produce a point of conflict with a knowledge claim. However if the knowledge claim does not concern reason then rationally criticising it would not be suitable. This is the case in aesthetics where a knowledge claim relies on emotion rather than reason to prove it. For example, the claim that Leonardo Da Vinci is a better artist than Damien Hirst is difficult to prove using rational criticism. Of course if the criteria for being better were the number of pieces of art they produced or the amount of skill required to produce the pieces of art then one may be able to come to a conclusion as to which artist is better using rational criticism. However, if the criteria for being better was which set of art affects the audience greater, often reason is not included in the decision and emotion is used to judge which set of art creates a bigger emotional effect on the audience. To reach a conclusion, evidence can be collected in th e form of a survey but because this is such an unreliable and invalid method, someone can not disprove this knowledge claim at a later date using rational criticism as it is unreasonable for it to be open to rational criticism. Aesthetic knowledge claims therefore rely more on emotion than on reason and so it does not need rational criticism for it to be rationally justified. So, just as the evidence for scientific knowledge claims must be proved valid we must check to see if the emotions used to justify the aesthetic knowledge claim are valid. Moreover, aesthetics and science are different in respect to how they progress. Whereas science uses past data, present theories and reason to prove and improve scientific claims, aesthetics make use of emotions not to improve art but to evoke different emotions in the audience. Therefore, if one assumes that the price of a piece of art is directly proportional, to how good it is (i.e. the amount of satisfaction received from it), this would mean, Leonardo Da Vincis Mona Lisa should evoke more satisfaction than Damien Hirsts For the Love of God. However, in my opinion I find that Damien Hirsts For the Love of God is more aesthetically pleasing than a dull and tacky painting and so I will claim that it is better. However, the lack of justification and reasoning would mean my conclusion is irrational but it can not be proven incorrect. In this way, aesthetic knowledge claims can be irrational but true as it is inappropriate to use rational criticism. Contrastingly, with regard to scientific knowledge claims, the opposite may be true. Knowledge claims in the area of knowledge of science rely almost entirely on reason and rationality. Therefore it is possible for a knowledge claim to be rational yet untrue. For example, J.J. Thomson in 1987 rationally proved at the time that the atom consisted of electrons suspended in a soup of positive charge3. In fact, the idea was so rational that up and until 1910 student studying chemistry would learn the plum pudding model as truth. So even though the claim was rational yet wrong leading to the idea that in order for scientific claims to be accepted as truth rational criticism is required as without it incorrect theories would be accepted as fact. Moreover, Albert Einsteins theory of relativity has yet to be disproved after decades of rational criticism which has concluded his findings as scientific truth. However, the recent anomaly experienced by two German physicists suggest that Einstein and his many followers may not be correct after all in an experiment where a particle exceeded the speed of light4. This experiment was dismissed as its findings were against Einsteins theory of relativity and do not fit the existing data. Of course even if I were to be rational I would say that it is just an error with the empirical data from the German scientists as the paradigm shift that Einstein is may be wrong is unlikely and irrational as he has not ever been proven wrong. This highlights another problem with human reason which tends to look to satisfy preconceived ideas by manipulating evidence and so is not completely objective. Scientific knowledge prides itself for being accurate due to not relying on subjective data but this example shows how humans can be susceptible to subjective ideas and therefore may distort scientific claims of truth. Therefore, for any scientific knowledge claim to be accepted as truth the evidence or justification given must not be erroneous or subjective. In conclusion, science as an area of knowledge is heavily reliant on rational criticism as method of improving the body of knowledge as well as confirming it and so should be open to rational criticism even if the knowledge is considered factual. Moreover, any justification or evidence used to enforce a knowledge claim should be clear of errors and subjective methods The area of aesthetics is slightly different as most knowledge claims within this field are made emotionally in the absence of reason which rules out rational criticism as a method of achieving the advancement of it because in aesthetics, unlike science, the aim is not to improve knowledge but to celebrate and appreciate creativity. However, the use of reason and rational criticism where it can be applied in aesthetics should be encouraged to achieve a well justified conclusion even if the validity of the claim does not depend on reason.

Human Rights in the European Union Essay -- Human Rights Policy in the

Introduction The development of a human rights policy in the EU has been a long and often undocumented journey. The sectoral approach of the Paris Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951 had an economic and functional intention, lacking a declaration of fundamental rights, as seen in national constitutions. It was not until the 2000 Nice Summit that the European Union first established a written charter, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, explicitly stating and guaranteeing human rights in the European Union. Documented EU human rights policy before 2000 can be seen primarily in two ways: 1. Internally, through case-law from the European Court of Justice (ECJ) 2. Externally, through enlargement and trade/development policy The Charter was an attempt to formally consolidate and solidify not only the EU’s internal and external human rights policies, but also material from a wide array of other human rights initiatives, such as common institutional traditions (from national constitutions), various awareness conventions, and international activist groups and NGOs. Overview The objective of this paper is to establish an effective analysis of the European Union’s human rights policy. After establishing the background of human rights policy within the EU, the application of Article 23 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights through internal case-law, trade policies, and enlargement is illustrated using historical case-studies. The application portion of this paper will examine a court case from the French national government, the EU’s trade policy with the Middle East, and the issues surrounding the accession of Turkey into the EU. After examining these three cases, ... ...n Rights: Thematic Issues (http://ue.eu.int/pesc/human_rights/en/99/main5.htm) - EU Turkey Communication Platform (http://www.euturkey.org/) - Dinan, Desmond. Ever Closer Union. - Wallace, Helen and William Wallace, Policy-Making in the European Union. - EU Enlargement: Second Wave - news.bbc.co.uk/.../world/europe/ newsid_643000/643623.stm - Pre-accession assistance for Turkey http://europa.eu.int/eurlex/pri/en/oj/dat/2001/l_342/l_34220011227en00010005.pd - Alston, Phillip. â€Å"The EU and Human Rights† European University Institute, Florence. [1] More specifically: Articles 2, 3(2), and 141(3) of the EC Treaty; Article 20 of the revised European Social Charter of May 3, 1996; and Article 2(4) of the Council Directive [2] Article 141(4) EC